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Chicago Style Format for Papers | Requirements & Examples. |
Chicago style page formatting - Chicago style guide - Menlo School Library at Menlo School Library
To see a side-by-side comparison of the three most widely used citation styles, including a chart of all CMOS citation guidelines, see the Citation Style Chart. As its name suggests, Author-Date uses parenthetical citations in the text to reference the source's author's last name and the year of publication.
Each parenthetical citation corresponds to an entry on a References page that concludes the document. By contrast, NB uses numbered footnotes in the text to direct the reader to a shortened citation at the bottom of the page. This corresponds to a fuller citation on a Bibliography page that concludes the document.
Though the general principles of citation are the same here, the citations themselves are formatted differently from the way they appear in Author-Date. If you are using CMOS for school or work, don't forget to ensure that you're using your organization's preferred citation method.
For examples of these two different styles in action, see our CMOS sample papers:. While The Chicago Manual of Style does not include a prescribed system for formatting headings and subheads, it makes several recommendations.
Run in at beginning of paragraph no blank line after , boldface or italic type, sentence-style capitalization, terminal period. This means that most citations will now begin with the title of the resource, rather than the contributors' names.
Year of Publication. This rule also applies to ordinals , so spell out ordinals like first or three-thousandth , but use numerals for ordinals like rd. Likewise, use numerals for percentages e. Try to avoid using these numbers at the beginning of a sentence.
Also use periods for initials in names e. White unless the entire name is replaced with initials e. Citations are a necessary part of any academic paper, no matter the format. Chicago style is unique in that it gives the writer a choice between using footnotes and endnotes the notes-bibliography system or in-text citations the author-date system.
Unless otherwise specified in the assignment, you can use whichever you prefer. Your version must also be distinct enough from the original to pass a plagiarism checker. In situations where you want to retain the original wording, you can always use a direct quote in your paper.
Direct quotes are good for substantiating your claims or if the original wording is especially pertinent. However, if used excessively, quotes can make your paper hard to read, so use them only when necessary. Although they are formatted in similar ways, footnotes appear at the bottom of the page that includes the text they refer to, while endnotes appear at the end of a section, chapter, or entire work. If you have a lot of citations per page, it may be better to use endnotes; otherwise, your footnotes will take up too much of the page.
Both footnotes and endnotes are marked with a superscript number 1 that comes after the cited text, ideally at the end of a sentence. Note numbers follow some punctuation, like periods or quotes, but not dashes.
One of the key differences in the leadership of Richard the Lionheart and Saladin was how they handled unwanted prisoners of war: Saladin had them released, while Richard had them executed. For footnotes and endnotes, you have another choice to make. You can list full citations in either a bibliography page or the notes themselves. These provide all the bibliographic information, such as the publisher and year of publication.
London: Al Saqi Books, However, you use the long-form note only the first time a source is cited ; after the first mention, all other citations for that same source use the short form. Footnotes and endnotes are formatted in the same way and use both short- and long-form notes. As an alternative to footnotes and endnotes, Chicago style also offers the option of using the author-date system, which falls more in line with MLA and APA formats.
Author-date citations come in parentheses at the end of the cited text but appear before other punctuation marks. This list comes at the end of a chapter or the entire work.
This section has its own special formatting. Names are inverted, so the surname comes first, and titles are capitalized in headline case. Entries use a hanging indent, which means the first line is not indented, but every subsequent line is.
If no author is listed, use the first word in the title or whatever word comes first in the entry. Each type of source has its own particular format.
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